| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| The LwM2M JSON content formatter's get_string() in subsys/net/lib/lwm2m/lwm2m_rw_json.c copies a parsed JSON string into a caller-supplied buffer and NUL-terminates it. The length guard used if (string_length > buflen), which accepts a string whose length is exactly buflen. After memcpy() fills the whole buffer, buf[string_length] = '\0' then writes one byte past the end of the buffer (CWE-787).
The string value and its length are taken directly from the incoming CoAP payload during a LwM2M WRITE: do_write_op_json() parses the payload obtained from coap_packet_get_payload(), and get_string() is invoked from lwm2m_write_handler() (engine_get_string() in subsys/net/lib/lwm2m/lwm2m_message_handling.c) for a LWM2M_RES_TYPE_STRING resource. The destination buf/buflen is either the resource instance's fixed data buffer (res_inst->data_ptr/max_data_len) or the engine validation buffer (msg->ctx->validate_buf). A LwM2M server (the client's DTLS peer) can therefore write a string resource with a value whose length equals the target buffer size and force a one-byte overflow.
The overflow is a single out-of-bounds write of the constant byte 0x00 immediately past the resource or validation buffer, corrupting the adjacent byte in memory. It is not an information leak and the written value is fixed, so it is not a direct code-execution primitive, but it can corrupt adjacent state (an adjacent resource value, a length/flag field, or a struct field) and cause data corruption or a crash. Triggering the write is deterministic; the resulting impact depends on memory layout.
The fix changes the guard to string_length >= buflen, rejecting the exact-length case and aligning the JSON formatter with the other content formatters (lwm2m_rw_plain_text.c, lwm2m_rw_oma_tlv.c, lwm2m_rw_senml_json.c, lwm2m_rw_cbor.c, lwm2m_rw_senml_cbor.c), which already used the correct boundary check. |
| Off-by-one error in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.65 allowed a remote attacker leveraging social engineering to potentially read memory inside the sandbox via a crafted Chrome extension. (Chromium security severity: Low) |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: lwtunnel: Drop skb metadata before LWT encapsulation
skb metadata is meant for passing information between XDP and TC. It lives
in the skb headroom, immediately before skb->data. LWT programs cannot
access the __sk_buff->data_meta pseudo-pointer to metadata.
However, LWT encapsulation prepends outer headers, moving skb->data back
over the headroom where the metadata sits. On an RX-originated (forwarded)
packet that still carries XDP metadata this goes wrong in two different
ways, depending on the encap type:
1. Non-BPF LWT encaps (mpls, seg6, ioam6 ...) call skb_push()/skb_pull()
and silently overwrite the metadata that sits in the headroom.
2) BPF LWT xmit calls bpf_skb_change_head(), which uses skb_data_move().
That helper expects metadata immediately before skb->data. But since
the IP output path runs LWT xmit before neighbour output has built
the outgoing L2 header, for forwarded packets skb->data points at the
L3 header while skb_mac_header() still points at the old L2 header.
skb_data_move() sees metadata ending at skb_mac_header(), not before
skb->data, warns and clears metadata:
WARNING: CPU: 21 PID: 454557 at include/linux/skbuff.h:4609 skb_data_move+0x47/0x90
CPU: 21 UID: 0 PID: 454557 Comm: napi/iconduit-g Tainted: G O 6.18.21 #1
RIP: 0010:skb_data_move+0x47/0x90
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
bpf_skb_change_head+0xe6/0x1a0
bpf_prog_...+0x213/0x2e3
run_lwt_bpf.isra.0+0x1d3/0x360
bpf_xmit+0x46/0xe0
lwtunnel_xmit+0xa1/0xf0
ip_finish_output2+0x1e7/0x5e0
ip_output+0x63/0x100
__netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x85/0xa0
process_backlog+0x9c/0x150
__napi_poll+0x2b/0x190
net_rx_action+0x40b/0x7f0
handle_softirqs+0xd2/0x270
do_softirq+0x3f/0x60
</IRQ>
That is what happens, as for how to fix it - a received packet that
carries metadata can reach an encap through any of the three LWT
redirect modes:
LWTUNNEL_STATE_INPUT_REDIRECT
ip6_rcv_finish
dst_input
lwtunnel_input
LWTUNNEL_STATE_OUTPUT_REDIRECT
ip6_rcv_finish
dst_input
ip6_forward
ip6_forward_finish
dst_output
lwtunnel_output
LWTUNNEL_STATE_XMIT_REDIRECT
ip6_rcv_finish
dst_input
ip6_forward
ip6_forward_finish
dst_output
ip6_output
ip6_finish_output
ip6_finish_output2
lwtunnel_xmit
Every encap funnels through the three LWT dispatch helpers, so drop the
metadata there, right before handing the skb to the encap op. This
single chokepoint covers all encap types and all three redirect modes:
- lwtunnel_input(): seg6, rpl, ila, seg6_local
- lwtunnel_output(): ioam6
- lwtunnel_xmit(): mpls, LWT BPF xmit
Alternatively, we could clear the metadata right after TC ingress hook.
That would require a compromise, however. Metadata would become
inaccessible from TC egress (in setups where it actually reaches the
hook it tact, that is without any L2 tunnels on path). |
| Nimiq is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Through 1.5.0, the validity store uses a strict lower-bound comparison that expires a stored transaction too early relative to Transaction::is_valid_at, allowing a remote attacker to replay the same signed transaction during a blocks_per_batch minus one block window and cause the sender and recipient balances to be updated twice. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.1. |
| Off-by-one Error vulnerability in Apache Tomcat impacting the [N] flag on the rewrite valves causes rewrite processing to restart at the second rule rather than the first rule.
This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.24, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.57, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.120.
The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are
known to be affected: from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other unsupported versions may also be affected.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.25, 10.1.58 or 9.0.121 which fix the issue. |
| hashcat's fgetl() function in src/filehandling.c writes a null terminator one byte past the caller's buffer when an input line is exactly the buffer length. Attackers can trigger this out-of-bounds heap write by providing a hash file, potfile, or wordlist containing a line of exactly HCBUFSIZ_LARGE bytes. |
| Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, libevent has an off-by-one stack buffer overflow in evdns.c when dnsname_to_labels formats a name-bearing DNS record at the end of the 64 KB stack buffer allocated by evdns_server_request_format_response. The final-label check permits j plus label_len plus one to equal buf_len, after which the terminating null byte is written to buf[buf_len]. A crafted DNS server response containing PTR, CNAME, MX, NS, or SOA data can trigger the one-byte out-of-bounds write and crash or corrupt the process. This issue is fixed in versions 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
qede: fix off-by-one in BD ring consumption on build_skb failure
qede_rx_build_skb() and qede_tpa_rx_build_skb() do not check for a
NULL return from qede_build_skb(). When it returns NULL under memory
pressure, the functions still consume a BD from the ring before
returning NULL. The callers then recycle additional BDs, resulting in
one extra BD being consumed (off-by-one). This desynchronizes the BD
ring, which can corrupt DMA page reference counts and lead to SLUB
freelist corruption.
Commit 4e910dbe3650 ("qede: confirm skb is allocated before using")
added a NULL check inside qede_build_skb() to prevent a NULL pointer
dereference, but did not address the missing NULL checks in the
callers, making this off-by-one reachable.
Fix this by adding NULL checks for the return value of
qede_build_skb() in both qede_rx_build_skb() and
qede_tpa_rx_build_skb(), returning NULL immediately before any BD ring
manipulation. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
exec: fix unsigned loop counter wrap in transfer_args_to_stack()
The stop value is derived from bprm->p >> PAGE_SHIFT. The index variable
is an unsigned long. If bprm->p drops below PAGE_SIZE and stop becomes
zero the loop condition index >= stop is always true.
After the index == 0 iteration the decrement wraps to ULONG_MAX and
bprm->page[ULONG_MAX] reads sizeof(void *) bytes in front of the array.
The pointer has wrapped to -1. That garbage pointer is then passed to
kmap_local_page() and PAGE_SIZE bytes are copied from wherever that
lands into the stack of the process being created. And the loop doesn't
terminate either...
Getting there only requires bprm->p < PAGE_SIZE. On !MMU
bprm_set_stack_limit() and bprm_hit_stack_limit() are empty. So the only
constraint on how far bprm->p is pushed down is valid_arg_len(), i.e.
that each individual string still fits in what is left.
bprm->p starts at PAGE_SIZE * MAX_ARG_PAGES - sizeof(void *) so a
single argument or environment string of a little over 31 pages leaves
it in the first page:
Oops - load access fault [#1]
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: victim Not tainted 7.2.0-rc4 #1
epc : __memcpy+0xd4/0xf8
ra : transfer_args_to_stack+0xaa/0xae
s4 : ffffffffffffffff s2 : 0000000000000000
a1 : ffffffdc98000000 a2 : 0000000000001000
status: 0000000a00001880 badaddr: ffffffdc98000000 cause: 0000000000000005
[<801a5324>] __memcpy+0xd4/0xf8
[<800d5f6a>] load_flat_binary+0x43a/0x65e
[<800a2de4>] bprm_execve+0x1d4/0x316
[<800a351a>] do_execveat_common+0x12e/0x138
[<800a3d44>] __riscv_sys_execve+0x38/0x4e
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
This is an arcane bug but we should still fix it.
Count down from MAX_ARG_PAGES so the loop ends when index reaches stop,
stop == 0 included. The iterations performed are unchanged for every
other value of stop.
Only CONFIG_MMU=n builds are affected, transfer_args_to_stack() is used
by binfmt_flat and binfmt_elf_fdpic on nommu only.
The loop predates git history. commit 7e7ec6a93434
("elf_fdpic_transfer_args_to_stack(): make it generic") only moved it
from binfmt_elf_fdpic.c into fs/exec.c and narrowed the copy to the used
part of the first page. The condition and the decrement are unchanged
from 2.6.12-rc2. |
| Off-by-one error in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ocfs2/dlm: fix off-by-one in dlm_match_regions() region comparison
The local-vs-remote region comparison loop uses '<=' instead of '<',
causing it to read one entry past the valid range of qr_regions. The
other loops in the same function correctly use '<'.
Fix the loop condition to use '<' for consistency and correctness. |
| The code to parse MIME headers for display when forwarding a message (if the setting to view all headers was enabled) had an off-by-one error, allowing a single byte to be read from the memory after the buffer for the headers, and potentially crashing Thunderbird. This vulnerability was fixed in Thunderbird 153 and Thunderbird 140.13. |
| GNU Emacs for Android contains an off-by-one error in the gvar table parser in src/sfnt.c. The shared-coordinate index boundary check in sfnt_vary_simple_glyph() and sfnt_vary_compound_glyph() uses a strict greater-than comparison instead of greater-than-or-equal, allowing a crafted TrueType variable font to bypass the check and trigger a heap-based out-of-bounds read via memcpy. An attacker can deliver a malicious font file via email, EWW (Emacs Web Wowser), or documents with custom faces, causing Emacs to load it. This exposes heap memory contents which can be later used to defeat ASLR.
This issue was fixed in commit 95ab9ef627b212d74d321c5bbb5b56a1be7b9fbe |
| nanoMODBUS through v1.23.0 contains an off-by-one buffer overflow in the recv_msg_header function of the Modbus/TCP server that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to write one attacker-controlled byte past the end of the 260-byte receive buffer by sending a crafted MBAP frame whose Length field is set to 255. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: sd: Fix off-by-one error in sd_read_block_characteristics()
Ff the device returns page 0xb1 with length 8 (happens with qemu v2.x, for
example), sd_read_block_characteristics() may attempt an out-of-bounds
memory access when accessing the zoned field at offset 8. |
| OpenVPN version 2.1.0 through 2.6.20 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.4 allows attackers via an off-by-one buffer write in the NTLM proxy authentication to potentially cause a crash via a crafted NTLM response from a malicious proxy server |
| Music Player Daemon (MPD) before version 0.24.11 contains a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the pcm_unpack_24be function in src/pcm/Pack.cxx that allows unauthenticated attackers to corrupt stack memory by triggering an off-by-one write in the PCM decoder plugin. Attackers can issue two MPD commands referencing a malicious HTTP audio source to cause the unpack loop to write 1366 entries into a 1365-entry buffer, overwriting four bytes past the array boundary with three attacker-controlled bytes from an HTTP response body, resulting in daemon termination or potential code execution. |
| In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.13.2 up to and including 1.25.1, stub or forward zones where the name is below an intermediate labed below a DNSSEC signed zone could be shadowed by the intermediate label's secure NXDOMAIN answer from the parent. This is caused by an off-by-one error in 'harden-below-nxdomain' logic; enabled by default. It effectively bypasses the configuration and the configured stub/forward zone is never contacted. 'harden-below-nxdomain' does an upward DNS cache walk together with a delegation point guard that does not allow NXDOMAIN synthesis above stub/forward zones. The guard tests the domain name but before stripping a label. This results in an iteration where the domain name equals the configured stub/forward zone apex that passes the guard, strips one more label, and probes the cache at the apex's immediate public parent. If that parent has a cached DNSSEC-secure NXDOMAIN, which it will for any private namespace nested two or more labels under a signed public name, the walk returns it and the configured stub/forward upstream is never contacted. This can only be triggered by the query for the intermediate label (between the stub/forward apex and the DNSSEC parent zone). |
| Off-by-one error in Windows Remote Desktop Protocol allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. |
| An invalidly formatted IKEv2 fragment causes the Libreswan pluto daemon to crash and restart. Continued exploitation would cause a denial of service. The function reassemble_v2_incoming_fragments() would ignore unknown outer payloads but still store these in a fixed size array msg_digest.digest[PAYLIMIT]. An off-by-one error in the assertion PASSERT(logger, md->digest_roof < elemsof(md->digest)) causes the daemon to abort. No remote code execution is possible. Any configuration that allows IKEv2 connections that do not set fragmentation=no are vulnerable. IKEv1 is not affected. |
